A REMINDER OF THE EARTH'S CELESTIAL DANCE - ☀️🌙

Report by Duncan Williams @PulmansWeekly

The Summer Solstice, also known as the June Solstice or Midsummer, is an astronomical event that marks the longest day and shortest night of the year in the Northern Hemisphere. It occurs when the tilt of the Earth's axis is most inclined towards the Sun, resulting in the Sun reaching its highest point in the sky and providing the most daylight hours. In England, it falls on Wednesday, June 21, 2023, at precisely 3:57pm BST. The UK will enjoy 16 hours and 38 minutes of daylight.

Traditionally, the Summer Solstice has been celebrated by various cultures and civilisations throughout history. It holds great significance in many societies and is often associated with festivals, rituals, and customs. These celebrations often revolve around themes of renewal, abundance, fertility, and the power of the sun.

In ancient times, people would gather at sacred sites such as Stonehenge in England, Machu Picchu in Peru, and Chichen Itza in Mexico to observe and honour the Summer Solstice. These sites were believed to be aligned with the movements of the sun, and the solstice marked a pivotal moment in the agricultural calendar. People would come together to celebrate the abundance of the harvest season, offer prayers and sacrifices, and partake in joyous festivities.

In modern times, the Summer Solstice continues to be celebrated and cherished in various ways. Festivals and events are held around the world to commemorate this astronomical phenomenon. Some of the most famous celebrations in the UK include the Summer Solstice at Stonehenge or at Glastonbury Tor, where thousands of people gather to witness the sunrise and participate in ceremonies. In Sweden and other Nordic countries, Midsummer festivals are held, featuring maypole dancing, bonfires, and traditional folklore.

The Summer Solstice also holds significance for spiritual and new age communities. It is often seen as a time of spiritual awakening, personal growth, and connecting with nature's rhythms. Many individuals use this day as an opportunity to meditate, practice yoga, or engage in other mindful activities to harness the energy of the sun and set intentions for the coming season.

From a scientific perspective, the Summer Solstice is a reminder of the Earth's celestial dance. It marks the beginning of summer in the Northern Hemisphere, a season characterised by warmth, longer days, and vibrant nature. After the solstice, the days gradually become shorter as the Earth continues its orbit around the Sun, eventually leading to the arrival of autumn.

The Summer Solstice serves as a powerful reminder of the interconnectedness of humanity, nature, and the cosmos. It highlights our relationship with the Sun, which provides us with light, warmth, and sustenance. Whether celebrated through ancient traditions, modern festivals, or personal reflections, the Summer Solstice invites us to embrace the beauty of the natural world and celebrate the abundance and vitality of life.

Bumble Bee Myths: The Truth About Their Sting - 🐝

Report by Duncan Williams @PulmansWeekly

Bumble bees are fascinating insects that play an important role in pollinating flowering plants. However, they are often feared because of their sting. There is a popular belief that a bumble bee dies if it uses its stinger to string a person, but is there really any truth to this widely held belief? 

Firstly, it is important to understand the anatomy of a bumble bee. Like other bees, bumble bees have a stinger that is used for defense. The stinger is located at the end of the bee's abdomen and is connected to venom glands. When a bee stings, the stinger pierces the skin and injects venom into the victim. This venom can cause pain, swelling, and allergic reactions in some individuals.

The myth that a bumble bee dies after using its stinger is partly true, but it applies only to honey bees, not bumble bees. When a honey bee stings a person or animal, the stinger becomes lodged in the skin, and the bee cannot retract it. As a result, the bee's abdomen tears away from its body, leading to the bee's death. However, this is not the case for bumble bees.

Bumble bees have a different type of stinger than honey bees. Unlike honey bees, bumble bees can retract their stingers after stinging, allowing them to sting multiple times without dying. Moreover, bumble bees are less aggressive than honey bees, and they are less likely to sting unless they feel threatened or provoked.

In addition to the myth that bumble bees die after using their stingers, there are other misconceptions about these insects. For example, some people believe that bumble bees are more dangerous than honey bees because their stingers are longer. However, the length of a bee's stinger has little to do with the severity of its sting. The venom that a bee injects is what causes the reaction, not the length of its stinger.

Another myth is that bumble bees are attracted to bright colours. While it is true that bees are attracted to flowers with bright colours, they are not attracted to clothing or other objects that are brightly coloured. Bees are more interested in the scent of flowers than the colour, so wearing perfume or scented lotions may attract their attention more than bright clothing.

It is important to understand and educate ourselves regarding the differences between these two types of bees and to recognise the important role that bumble bees play in pollinating our plants. By dispelling myths and learning the truth about these insects, we can appreciate them for the remarkable creatures they are.

How regional newsrooms can use AI to protect the ‘lifeblood of local journalism’

Regional journalism experts appear optimistic generative AI can help their snowed-under newsrooms.

By João Santos for Press Gazette 

A WAN-IFRA survey has found that half of newsrooms are already deploying generative AI in some form or another.

Large language models quickly garnered the attention of Reach, Buzzfeed, Conde Nast and other publishers across the globe over the past six months for its potential to streamline editorial processes.

In particular the free-to-access ChatGPT has fast shown its potential to reinvent the way content is produced and journalism is done. But in local news outlets hard-pressed for time and staff, is the adoption of AI likely to be an opportunity or a threat?

AI vs the humans in local journalism

A number of UK regional news publishers have already realised that AI-generated news stories could free up journalists to concentrate on more meaningful reporting.

Duncan Williams, the managing director and proprietor of Pulman’s Weekly News in south east Devon, said: “AI has got huge advantages to help journalists, particularly in the regional sector, but it’s not yet at a level where it’s going to be able to write nitty-gritty stories.”

Rather, he said he believes the more in-depth stories produced by human journalists will carry increased significance. He wrote an op-ed in his newspaper last month emphasising the importance of human bylines for trust.

“As an editor, I would not dream of publishing a story by someone I did know the name of or who was not a trusted and credible human source,” he said. “Bylines not only protect my readers, but they also hold journalists accountable for their work.”

Dr Joy Jenkins, an assistant professor of Journalism at the University of Tennessee in Knoxville, has worked extensively on how new technologies can be sustainably introduced into local industries.

She said: “AI can be used on more basic types of reporting in order to free up journalists to do the more investigative, in-depth types of stories they’d like to do but don’t always have the time and resources to produce.”

Eliz Mizon, a media writer and communications lead at Bristol Cable, believes AI could help local journalists carry out important “institutional accountability and community cohesion” roles, potentially reversing a trend that has seen around 300 local newspaper title closures since 2005 and left others hanging by a thread.

Will AI help or hurt regional journalist numbers?

A recurring worry that crops up in discussions of AI and news is whether the technology will end up replacing journalists, particularly in light of the economic headwinds that have encouraged many publishers to lay off staff in the past year.

Jody Doherty-Cove, Newsquest‘s special projects editor, is currently at the forefront of developing, coding and implementing AI tools for over 180 newsrooms across the UK, having just helped the Gannett-owned publisher establish its first AI reporter positions.

He explained: “A common misconception in the public discourse is the notion that AI, like some malevolent force, is poised to supplant human journalists in a ruthless bid to cut costs.

“Local journalism is a craft that requires investigation, relationship building, and nuanced understanding – elements that no machine, no matter how sophisticated, can truly replicate.”

Dr Jenkins agreed, explaining that AI should be seen as a “really affordable and helpful” tool which, if used properly, can be an “extremely effective way for local journalism to maximise its resources”.

Pulman’s owner Williams added: “It would streamline both the numbers of staff required to run our titles in an economic fashion and also the actual revenue streams that are the lifeblood of local journalism.”

This is the approach that Kallum Gethins, managing director at Dorset News and editor at View From Weymouth, has taken when incorporating AI into the running of both publications.

“If we find a story, we gather the facts, make a short sentence and then bring that into the AI software which produces a three to four-paragraph article, we proofread it and publish it,” he said. “The whole process takes about ten minutes.”

Much like the advent of social media and citizen journalism, AI could therefore lower the barrier of entry into the industry, making quality and consistency more affordable.

Gethins said: “I think that all organisations should implement AI because it could help their business massively, especially if the organisation is brand new and can’t afford journalists. For instance, we probably won’t be using AI-originated content in the long term and will look for potential journalists to join our franchise.”

The challenges ahead for AI in local journalism

As automation seeps into the media industry, the utility of AI in local journalism could be as far-reaching as the industry demands.

As well as editorial tasks, Dorset News’ Gethins has begun using different AI software engines for administrative work, for example producing email templates suited to potential investors and creating budget plans.

Automation could magnify the results of advertising campaigns and help integrate local papers more fully into social media, something which, Dr Jenkins explained, has been a historical struggle for many publications.

However there are considerable challenges to overcome before AI can be fully integrated into journalism in a way that is both ethical and practical.

Doherty-Cove said: “We must ensure that AI-generated content does not escape the watchful eyes of human editors who, with human oversight and rigorous fact-checking, can ensure AI-generated content meets their exacting requirements.”

Chatbots such as ChatGPT rely on what the user feeds into it, as the data on which they were trained is in some cases out-of-date. This means the fundamental newsgathering framework which leads to a fully-fledged story is, for the moment, outside the purview of generative AI programmes.

But as Dr David Ryfe, a professor and director at the School of Journalism and Media at the University of Texas at Austin, put it: “Clay Shirky wrote over a decade ago that it is much faster to lose something than to build something else to stand in its place. That is what is happening to local journalism.”

Source: https://pressgazette.co.uk/publishers/regional-newspapers/how-regional-newsrooms-can-use-ai-to-protect-the-lifeblood-of-local-journalism/